Terrain,地形 - Sun Tzu Art of War Chapter 10
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Terrain,地形 is Chapter 10 of Sun Zi Art of War.
Types of Terrain
Original: 孙子曰：地形有通者，有挂者，有支者，有隘者，有险者，有远者。
English: Sun Zi said: There are different kinds of terrain, such as: ...
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In a Communicative Ground
Original: 我可以往，彼可以来，曰通。通形者，先居高阳，利粮道，以战则利。
English: An area that is easily accessible to me and the other side is...
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In an Entrapping Ground
Original: 可以往，难以返，曰挂。挂形者，敌无备，出而胜之；敌若有备，出而不胜，难以返，不利。
English: An area that is easy to enter but difficult to...
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In an Indifferent Ground
Original: 我出而不利，彼出而不利，曰支。支形者，敌虽利我，我无出也；引而去之，令敌半出而击之，利。
English: An area that is not advantageous for occupation for...
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In a Constricted Ground
Original: 隘形者，我先居之，必盈之以待敌；若敌先居之，盈而勿从，不盈而从之。
English: On a constricted ground, must be the first to...
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In a Key Ground
Original: 险形者，我先居之，必居高阳以待敌；若敌先居之，引而去之，勿从也。
English: On key ground, first occupy and then...
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In a Distant Ground
Original: 远形者，势均，难以挑战，战而不利。
English: On a distant ground, if both forces are...
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Terrains & Generals
Original: 凡此六者，地之道也。将之至任，不可不察也。
English: The natural laws of terrain underlie these...
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Six Army Calamities
Original: 故兵有走者，有弛者，有陷者，有崩者，有乱者，有北者。凡此六者，非天地之灾，将之过也。
English: An army suffers from...
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Army Calamities
Original: 夫势均，以一击十，曰走；卒强吏弱，曰弛；吏强卒弱，曰陷；大吏怒而不服，遇敌忍而自战，将不知其能，曰崩；将弱不严，教道不明，吏卒无常，陈兵纵横，曰乱；将不能料敌，以少防众，以弱击强，兵无选锋，曰北。凡此六者，败之道也。将之至任，不可不察也。
English: Even when all other conditions and characteristics are...
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Exploiting Terrain
Original: 夫地形者，兵之助也；料敌制胜，计险厄远近，上将之道也。如此而用战者必胜，不知此而用战者必败。
English: Advantages of terrain are exploited to...
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Precious Generals
Original: 故战道必胜，主曰: 无战，必战可也；战道不胜，主曰: 必战，无战可也。故进不求名，退不避罪，唯民是保，而利于主，国之宝也。
English: If an assessment of the battle situations is one of...
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Treating Troops
Original: 视卒如婴儿，故可与之赴深溪；视卒如爱子，故可与与之俱死。厚而不能使，爱而不能令，乱而不能治，譬如骄子，不可用也。
English: When the general regards his troops as...
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Terrain & Victory
Original: 知吾卒之可以击，而不知敌之不可击，胜之半也；知敌之可击，而不知吾卒之不可以击，胜之半也；知敌之可击，知吾卒之可以击，而不知地形之不可以战，胜之半也。
English: If I know that my troops are capable of...
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Generals Must Know the Terrain
Original: 故知兵者，动而不迷，举而不穷。故曰：知彼知已，胜乃不殆；知天知地，胜乃可全。
English: Thus, he who is adept at warfare, when...
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