Sima Rangju Art of War Chapter 3
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Sima Rangju Art of War Chapter 3
本篇以开头“定爵”二字为篇名。本篇现存二十六节，并不是都讲的“定爵位”，而是统论军政事务，内容很庞杂，大体是讲为了作战而应建立的制度和禁令。
Before Start of War
Original: 凡战，定爵位，著功罪，收游士，申教诏，询厥众，求厥技，方虑极物，变嫌推疑，养力索巧，因心之动。
English: In general, to wage war: First determine the...
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Before Start of War II
Original: 凡战，固众，相利，治乱，进止服正，成耻，约法，省罚，小罪乃杀，小罪胜，大罪因。
English: In general, to wage war, the following needs to be done: Solidify...
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Five Considerations and Weapons
Original: 顺天、阜财、怿众、利地、右兵，是谓五虑。顺天奉时，阜财因敌。怪众勉若。利地，守隘险阻。右兵，弓矢御、殳矛守、戈戟助。凡五兵五当，长以卫短，短以救长。迭战则久，皆战则强。见物与侔，是谓两之。
English: Accord with Heaven; make material resources abundant; bring joy to...
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Unity and Strength
Original: 主固勉若，视敌而举。将心，心也，众心，心也。马、牛、车、兵、佚饱，力也。教惟豫，战惟节。将军，身也，卒，支也，伍，指姆也。
English: The commanding general should be good at...
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Wits and Courage
Original: 凡战，权也。斗，勇也。陈，巧也。用其所欲，行其所能，废其不欲不能。于敌反是。
English: In general, warfare is a battle of wits and combat is...
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Heaven, Resources and Excellence
Original: 凡战，有天，有财，有善。时日不迁，龟胜微行，是谓有天。众有，有，因生美，是谓有财。人习陈利，极物以豫，是调有善。人勉及任，是谓乐人。
English: In general, for warfare, one must have ...
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Army Preparation
Original: 大军以固，多力以烦，堪物简治，见物应卒，是谓行豫。轻车轻徒，弓矢固御，是谓大军。密静多内力，是谓固陈。因是进退，是谓多力。上暇人数，是谓烦陈。然有以职，是谓堪物。因是辨物，是谓简治。
English: Increasing the strength of the army and making the...
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Disastrous Campaign
Original: 称众因地，因敌令陈；攻战守，进退止，前后序，车徒因，是谓战参。不服、不信、不和、怠、疑、厌、慑、枝、拄、诎、顿、肆、崩、缓，是渭战患。骄傲，慑慑，吟旷，虞惧，事悔，是谓毁折。大小，坚柔，参伍，众寡，凡两，是谓战权。
English: Determine the size of your troops according to the terrain, and deploy...
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Waging War
Original: 凡战，间远，观迩，因时，因财，发信，恶疑。作兵义，作事时，使人惠，见敌静，见乱暇，见危难无忘其众。
English: In general, to wage war, employ ...
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Waging War II
Original: 居国惠以信，在军广以武，刃上果以敏。居国和，在军法，刃上察。居国见好，在军见方，刃上见信。
English: Within the state, be generous and foster good faith. Within the army, be...
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Military Formations
Original: 凡陈，行惟疏，战惟密，兵惟杂，人教厚，静乃治。威利章，相守义，则人勉。虑多成则人服。时中服厥次治。物既章，目乃明。虑既定，心乃强。进退无疑见敌无谋，听诛。无诳其名，无变其旗。
English: For military formations, when advancing, the most important thing is...
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Making Enemy Submit
Original: 凡事善则长，因古则行。誓作章，入乃强，灭历祥。灭厉之道：一曰义。被之以信，临之以强，成基一天下之形，人莫不就，是谓兼用其人。一曰权。成其溢，夺其好，我自其外，使自其内。
English: Whenever affairs are well executed, they will endure; when they accord with...
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Seven Military Affairs & Four Controls
Original: 一曰人，二曰正，三曰辞，四曰巧，五曰火，六曰水，七曰兵，是谓七政。荣、利、耻、死，是谓四守。容色积威，不过改意。凡此道也。
English: First is management of talents; second is...
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Benevolence & Talents
Original: 唯仁有亲。有仁无信，反败厥身。人人，正正，辞辞，火火。
English: Only benevolence can attract people; however if one is...
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Setting Out for War
Original: 凡战之道：既作其气，因发其政。假之以色，道之以辞。因惧而戒，因欲而事，蹈敌制地，以职命之，是谓战法。
English: The principles of war is this, after you have...
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Setting Regulations & Policies
Original: 凡人之形；由众之求，试以名行，必善行之。若行不行，身以将之。若行而行，因使勿忘，三乃成章，人生之宜，谓之法。
English: Protocols and policies of tasks and systems that are to be executed should come...
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Managing Chaos
Original: 凡治乱之道，一曰仁，二曰信，三曰直，四曰一，五曰义，六曰变，七曰专。
English: The way to manage chaos or...
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Establishing Laws
Original: 立法，一曰受，二曰法，三曰立，四曰疾，五曰御其服，六曰等其色，七曰百官宜无淫服。
English: The principles of establishing the law system are acceptance by...
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Centralized Authority & Law
Original: 凡军，使法在己曰专。与下畏法曰法。军无小听，战无小利，日成，行微曰道。
English: When the power of authority falls solely with oneself, it is termed as...
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Upper & Lower Ranks
Original: 凡战，正不行则事专，不服则法。不相信则一，若怠则动之，若疑则变之，若人不信上，则行其不复。自古之政也。
English: When upright methods do not prove to be effective, then...
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