Sima Rangju Art of War Chapter 2
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Sima Rangju Art of War Chapter 2
本篇第一节首句是“天子之义”，因以为篇名。主要讲统军、治军、训练等问题。还包括：教民化俗，赏善罚恶，及车、旗、章、服等。
Duty of Son of Heaven
Original: 天子之义必纯取法天地而观于先圣。士庶之义，必奉于父母而正于君长。故虽有明君，士不先教，不可用也。
English: The duty of the Son of Heaven is to concentrate on modeling the...
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Educating the Population
Original: 古之教民，必立贵贱之伦经，使不相陵。德义不相踰，材技不相掩，勇力不相犯，故力同而意和也。古者，国容不入军，军容不入国，故德义不相踰。上贵不伐之 士，不伐之士，上之器也，苟不伐则无求，无求则不争。国中之听，必得其情，军旅之听，必得其宜，故材技不相掩。从命为士上赏，犯命为士上戮，故勇力不相 犯。既致教其民，然后谨选而使之。事极修，则百官给矣，教极省，则民兴良矣，习惯成，则民体俗矣，教化之至也。
English: When the ancients instructed the people, they would establish the relationships and...
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Pursuing the Enemy
Original: 古者，逐奔不远，纵绥不及，不远则难诱，不及则难，陷。以礼为固，以仁为胜，既胜之后，其教可复，是以君子贵之也。
English: In antiquity, they did not pursue a fleeing enemy too far nor...
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Uniting the Masses
Original: 有虞氏戒于国中，欲民体其命也。夏后氏誓于军中，欲民先成其虑也。殷誓于军门之外，欲民先意以行事也。周将交刃而誓之，以致民志也。
English: Shun made the official announcement of their mission within...
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Governance and Weapons
Original: 夏后氏正其德也，未用兵之刃，故其兵不杂。殷义也，始用兵之刃矣。周力也，尽用兵之刃矣。
English: The rulers of Xia acted in accordance to their Virtue and never...
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Promoting Virtue
Original: 夏赏于朝，贵善也。殷戮于市，威不善也。周赏于朝，戮于市，劝君子惧小人也。三王彰其德一也。
English: In Xia Dynasty, the rulers bestowed rewards in court in order to...
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Weapons
Original: 兵不杂则不利。长兵以卫，短兵以守，太长则难犯太短则不及。太轻则锐，锐则易乱。太重则钝，钝则不济。
English: When the types of weapons are not used together, it will not be ...
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Chariots, Flags, Insignia
Original: 戎车：夏后氏曰钩车，先正也；殷曰寅车，先疾也；周日元戎，先良也。旗：夏后氏玄，首人之孰也，殷白，天之义也；周黄，地之道也。章：夏后氏以日月，尚明也；殷以虎，尚威也；周以龙，尚文也。
English: War Chariots: Those from Xia Dynasty are called...
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Awesomeness
Original: 师多务威则民诎，少威则民不胜。上使民不得其义，百姓不得其叙，技用不得其利，牛马不得其任，有司陵之，此谓多威。多威则民诎。上不尊德而任诈匿，不尊道而任勇力，不贵用命而贵犯命，不贵善行而贵暴行，陵之有司，此谓少威，少威则民不胜。
English: If managing the troops with too much awesomeness and authority, the ...
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Order in Formation
Original: 军旅以舒为主，舒则民力足。虽交兵致刃，徒不趋，车不驰，逐奔不踰列，是以不乱。军旅之固，不失行列之政，不绝人马之力，迟速不过诫命。
English: A campaign army takes measures as its...
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Military and Civilian Realm
Original: 古者，国容不入军，军容不入国。军容入国，则民德废；国容入军，则民德弱。故在国言文而语温，在朝恭以逊，修己以待人，不召不至，不问不言，难进易退，在军抗而立，在行遂而果，介者不拜，兵车不式，城不上趋，危事不齿。故礼与法表里也，文与武左右也。
English: In antiquity, the form and spirit governing civilian affairs would not be found in...
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Rewards and Punishment
Original: 古者贤王，明民之德，尽民之善，故无废德，无简民，赏无所生，罚无所试。有虞氏不赏不罚，而民可用，至德也。夏赏而不罚，至教也。殷罚而不赏，至威也。周以 赏罚，德衰也。赏不踰时，欲民速得为善之利也。罚不迁列，欲民速规为不善之害也。大捷不赏，上下皆不伐善。上苟不伐善，则不骄矣，下苟不伐善，必亡等矣。 上下不伐善若此，让之至也。大败不诛，上下皆以不善在己，上苟以不善在己，必悔其过，下苟以不善在己，必远其罪。上下分恶若此，让之至也。
English: In antiquity, the Worthy Kings made manifest the...
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Harmony and Peace
Original: 古者戌军，三年不兴，覩民之劳也；上下相报若此，和之至也。得意则恺歌，示喜也。偃伯灵台，答民之劳，示休也。
English: In antiquity, those on border duty were not required to serve...
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