China Rulers and Emperors
From World's Chinese Wiki
[edit]
Xia Dynasty
| Reign name² | Notes | Name by which most commonly known | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yǔ | 禹 | Also known as: Dà Yǔ, 大禹 | Yu |
| Qǐ | 啟 | Son of Yu: beginning of hereditary succession | Qi |
| Tài Kāng | 太康 | Tai Kang | |
| Zhòng Kāng | 仲康 | Zhong Kang | |
| Xiāng | 相 | Xiang | |
| Shào Kāng | 少康 | Shao Kang | |
| Zhù | 杼 | Zhu | |
| Huái | 槐 | Huai | |
| Máng | 芒 | Mang | |
| Xie | 泄 | Xie | |
| Bù Jiàng | 不降 | Bu Jiang | |
| Jiōng | 扃 | Jiong | |
| Jǐn | 廑 | Jin | |
| Kǒng Jiǎ | 孔甲 | Kong Jia | |
| Gāo | 皋 | Gao | |
| Fā | 發 | Fa | |
| Jié | 桀 | Also known as: Lǚ Gǔi, 履癸 | Jie |
| 1 The first generally accepted date in Chinese history is 841 BC. All dates prior to this are the subject of often vigorous dispute. The dates provided here are those put forward by The Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project, the work of scholars sponsored by the Chinese government which reported in 2000. They are given only as a guide. | |||
| 2 The reign name is sometimes preceded by the name of the dynasty, Xià (夏), for example Xià Yǔ (夏禹). | |||
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Shang Dynasty
| Personal name | Reign name² | Temple name³ | Reign years1 | Name by which most commonly known |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tang 湯 | 1600 BC - 1300 BC | Tang | ||
| Wai Bing 外丙 | Wai Bing | |||
| Zhong Ren 仲壬 | Zhong Ren | |||
| Tai Jia 太甲 | Tai Jia | |||
| Wo Ding 沃丁 | Wo Ding | |||
| Tai Geng 太庚 | Tai Geng | |||
| Xiao Jia 小甲 | Xiao Jia | |||
| Yong Ji 雍己 | Yong Ji | |||
| Tai Wu 太戊 | Tai Wu | |||
| Zhong Ding 仲丁 | Zhong Ding | |||
| Wai Ren 外壬 | Wai Ren | |||
| He Dan Jia 河亶甲 | He Dan Jia | |||
| Zu Yi 祖乙 | Zu Yi | |||
| Zu Xin 祖辛 | Zu Xin | |||
| Wo Jia 沃甲 | Wo Jia | |||
| Zu Ding 祖丁 | Zu Ding | |||
| Nan Geng 南庚 | Nan Geng | |||
| Yang Jia 陽甲 | Yang Jia | |||
| Pan Geng 盤庚 | 1300 BC - 1251 BC | Pan Geng4 | ||
| Xiao Xin 小辛 | Xiao Xin | |||
| Xiao Yi 小乙 | Xiao Yi | |||
| Wu Ding 武丁 | 1250 BC - 1192 BC | Wu Ding | ||
| Zu Geng 祖庚 | 1191 BC - 1148 BC | Zu Geng | ||
| Zu Jia 祖甲 | Zu Jia | |||
| Lin Xin 廩辛 | Lin Xin | |||
| Geng Ding 庚丁 | Kang Ding 康丁 | Kang Ding | ||
| Wu Yi 武乙 | 1147 BC - 1113 BC | Wu Yi | ||
| Wen Ding5 文丁 | 1112 BC - 1102 BC | Wen Ding | ||
| Di Yi 帝乙 | 1101 BC - 1076 BC | Di Yi | ||
| Zi Zhou 子紂 | Di Xin 帝辛 | 1075 BC - 1046 BC | Di Xin | |
| 1 The first generally accepted date in Chinese history is 841 BC. All dates prior to this are the subject of often vigorous dispute. The dates provided here are those put forward by The Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project, the work of scholars sponsored by the Chinese government which reported in 2000. They are given only as a guide. | ||||
| 2 The reign name is sometimes preceded by the name of the dynasty, Shang (商), for example Shang Tang (商湯). | ||||
| 3 The name used in the oracle bone inscription records of ancestral sacrifice. | ||||
| 4 The period of the Shang dynasty starting from Pan Geng is also frequently referred to as the Yin (殷) dynasty. because he changed capital to Yin. | ||||
| 5 Also known as Tai Ding (太丁). | ||||
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Zhou Dynasty
Mid 11th century BC - 256 BC, traditionally divided into:
- the Western Zhou dynasty, ca. 1046 BC1 - 771 BC
- the Eastern Zhou dynasty, 770 BC - 256 BC, in turn divided into:
| Personal name | Posthumous name | Reign years1 | Name by which most commonly known |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ji Fa 姬發 | Wuwang 武王 | 1046 BC-1043 BC1 | Zhou Wuwang (King Wu of Zhou) |
| Ji Song 姬誦 | Chengwang 成王 | 1042 BC-1021 BC1 | Zhou Chengwang (King Cheng of Zhou) |
| Ji Zhao 姬釗 | Kangwang 康王 | 1020 BC-996 BC1 | Zhou Kangwang (King Kang of Zhou) |
| Ji Xia 姬瑕 | Zhaowang 昭王 | 995 BC-977 BC1 | Zhou Zhaowang (King Zhao of Zhou) |
| Ji Man 姬滿 | Muwang 穆王 | 976 BC-922 BC1 | Zhou Muwang (King Mu of Zhou) |
| Ji Yihu 姬繄扈 | Gongwang 共王 | 922 BC-900 BC1 | Zhou Gongwang (King Gong of Zhou) |
| Ji Jian 姬囏 | Yiwang 懿王 | 899 BC-892 BC1 | Zhou Yiwang (King Yi of Zhou) |
| Ji Pifang 姬辟方 | Xiaowang 孝王 | 891 BC-886 BC1 | Zhou Xiaowang (King Xiao of Zhou) |
| Ji Xie 姬燮 | Yiwang 夷王 | 885 BC-878 BC1 | Zhou Yiwang (King Yi of Zhou) |
| Ji Hu 姬胡 | Liwang 厲王 | 877 BC-841 BC1 | Zhou Liwang (King Li of Zhou) |
| Gonghe (regency) 共和 | 841 BC-828 BC | Gonghe | |
| Ji Jing 姬靜 | Xuanwang 宣王 | 827 BC-782 BC | Zhou Xuanwang (King Xuan of Zhou) |
| Ji Gongsheng 姬宮湦 | Youwang 幽王 | 781 BC-771 BC | Zhou Youwang (King You of Zhou) |
| Ji Yijiu 姬宜臼 | Pingwang 平王 | 770 BC-720 BC | Zhou Pingwang (King Ping of Zhou) |
| Ji Lin 姬林 | Huanwang 桓王 | 719 BC-697 BC | Zhou Huanwang (King Huan of Zhou) |
| Ji Tuo 姬佗 | Zhuangwang 莊王 | 696 BC-682 BC | Zhou Zhuangwang (King Zhuang of Zhou) |
| Ji Huqi 姬胡齊 | Xiwang 釐王 | 681 BC-677 BC | Zhou Xiwang (King Xi of Zhou) |
| Ji Lang 姬閬 | Huiwang 惠王 | 676 BC-652 BC | Zhou Huiwang (King Hui of Zhou) |
| Ji Zheng 姬鄭 | Xiangwang 襄王 | 651 BC-619 BC | Zhou Xiangwang (King Xiang of Zhou) |
| Ji Renchen 姬壬臣 | Qingwang 頃王 | 618 BC-613 BC | Zhou Qingwang (King Qing of Zhou) |
| Ji Ban 姬班 | Kuangwang 匡王 | 612 BC-607 BC | Zhou Kuangwang (King Kuang of Zhou) |
| Ji Yu 姬瑜 | Dingwang 定王 | 606 BC-586 BC | Zhou Dingwang (King Ding of Zhou) |
| Ji Yi 姬夷 | Jianwang 簡王 | 585 BC-572 BC | Zhou Jianwang (King Jian of Zhou) |
| Ji Xiexin 姬泄心 | Lingwang 靈王 | 571 BC-545 BC | Zhou Lingwang (King Ling of Zhou) |
| Ji Gui 姬貴 | Jingwang 景王 | 544 BC-521 BC | Zhou Jingwang (King Jing of Zhou) |
| Ji Meng 姬猛 | Daowang 悼王 | 520 BC | Zhou Daowang (King Dao of Zhou) |
| Ji Gai 姬丐 | Jingwang 敬王 | 519 BC-476 BC | Zhou Jingwang (King Jing of Zhou) |
| Ji Ren 姬仁 | Yuanwang 元王 | 475 BC-469 BC | Zhou Yuanwang (King Yuan of Zhou) |
| Ji Jie 姬介 | Zhendingwang 貞定王 | 468 BC-442 BC | Zhou Zhendingwang (King Zhending of Zhou) |
| Ji Quji 姬去疾 | Aiwang 哀王 | 441 BC | Zhou Aiwang (King Ai of Zhou) |
| Ji Shu 姬叔 | Siwang 思王 | 441 BC | Zhou Siwang (King Si of Zhou) |
| Ji Wei 姬嵬 | Kaowang 考王 | 440 BC-426 BC | Zhou Kaowang (King Kao of Zhou) |
| Ji Wu 姬午 | Weiliewang 威烈王 | 425 BC-402 BC | Zhou Weiliewang (King Weilie of Zhou) |
| Ji Jiao 姬驕 | Anwang 安王 | 401 BC-376 BC | Zhou Anwang (King An of Zhou) |
| Ji Xi 姬喜 | Liewang 烈王 | 375 BC-369 BC | Zhou Liewang (King Lie of Zhou) |
| Ji Bian 姬扁 | Xianwang 顯王 | 368 BC-321 BC | Zhou Xianwang (King Xian of Zhou) |
| Ji Ding 姬定 | Shenjingwang 慎靚王 | 320 BC-315 BC | Zhou Shenjingwang (King Shenjing of Zhou) |
| Ji Yan 姬延 | Nanwang 赧王 | 314 BC-256 BC | Zhou Nanwang (King Nan of Zhou) |
| Huiwang 惠王 | 255 BC-249 BC | Zhou Huiwang² (King Hui of Zhou) | |
| 1 The first generally accepted date in Chinese history is 841 BC, the beginning of the Gonghe regency. All dates prior to this are the subject of often vigorous dispute. The dates provided here are those put forward by The Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project, the work of scholars sponsored by the Chinese government which reported in 2000. They are given only as a guide. | |||
| 2 Nobles of the Ji family proclaimed King Hui as King Nan's successor after their capital, Luoyang, fell to Qin forces in 256 BC. However Zhou resistance did not last long in the face of the Qin advance and so King Nan is widely considered to have been the last emperor of the Zhou dynasty. | |||
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Qin Dynasty
| Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號) | Personal Names | Period of Reigns |
|---|---|---|
| Convention: "Qin" + posthumous name | ||
| Note: King Zhaoxiang of Qin (秦昭襄王, Qín Zhāoxiāng Wáng) had already been ruling Qin for 51 years when Qin annihilated Zhou Dynasty; however the other six warring states were still independent regimes. Historiographers thus used the next year (the 52nd year of Qin Zhaoshang Wang) as the official continuation from Zhou Dynasty therefore so should we. Qin Shi Huang was the first Chinese sovereign proclaiming himself "Emperor". | ||
| 昭襄王 Zhāoxiāng Wáng | 嬴則 Yíng Zé or 嬴稷 Yíng Jì | 255 B.C.-250 B.C. |
| 孝文王 Xiào Wénwáng | 嬴柱 Yíng Zhù | 250 B.C. |
| 莊襄王 Zhuāngxiāng Wáng | 嬴子楚 Yíng Zǐchǔ | 249 B.C.-247 B.C. |
| 始皇帝 Shǐ Huángdì | 嬴政 Yíng Zhèng | 246 B.C.-210 B.C. |
| 二世皇帝 Èr Shì Huángdì | 嬴胡亥 Yíng Húhài | 209 B.C.-207 B.C. |
| Ziying can be referred to using either his personal name or Qín Wáng Ziyīng (秦王子嬰) | ||
| Did not exist | 嬴子嬰 Yíng Ziyīng | 207 B.C. |
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Han Dynasty
| Posthumous Name | Personal Name | Period of Reign | Era Name | Range of years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Convention: "Han" + posthumous name, excepting Liu Gong, Liu Hong, Ruzi Ying, the Prince of Changyi, the Marquess of Beixiang, and the Prince of Hongnong. | ||||
| Western Han Dynasty 206 BC – 9 AD | ||||
| Gao Zu 高祖 |
Liu Bang 劉邦 |
206 BC – 195 BC | Did not exist | |
| Hui Di 惠帝 |
Liu Ying 劉盈 |
194 BC – 188 BC | Did not exist | |
| Shao Di (Shao Di Gong) 少帝 |
Liu Gong 劉恭 |
188 BC – 184 BC | Did not exist | |
| Shao Di (Shao Di Hong) 少帝 |
Liu Hong 劉弘 |
184 BC – 180 BC | Did not exist | |
| Wen Di 文帝 |
Liu Heng 劉恆 |
179 BC – 157 BC | Hòuyuán (後元) | 163 BC – 156 BC |
| Jing Di 景帝 |
Liu Qi 劉啟 |
156 BC – 141 BC | Zhōngyuán (中元) Hòuyuán (後元) |
149 BC – 143 BC 143 BC – 141 BC |
| Wu Di 武帝 |
Liu Che 劉徹 |
140 BC – 87 BC | Jiànyuán (建元) Yuánguāng(元光) |
140 BC – 135 BC 134 BC – 129 BC |
| Zhao Di 昭帝 |
Liu Fuling 劉弗陵 |
86 BC – 74 BC | Shǐyuán (始元) Yuánfèng (元鳳) |
86 BC – 80 BC 74 BC |
| The Prince of Changyi 昌邑王 or 海昏侯 |
Liu He 劉賀 |
74 BC | Yuánpíng (元平) | 74 BC |
| Xuan Di 宣帝 |
Liu Xun 劉詢 |
73 BC – 49 BC | Běnshǐ (本始) Dìjié (地節) |
73 BC – 70 BC 69 BC – 66 BC |
| Yuan Di 元帝 |
Liu Shi 劉奭 |
48 BC – 33 BC | Chūyuán (初元) Yǒngguāng (永光) |
48 BC – 44 BC 33 BC |
| Cheng Di 成帝 |
Liu Ao 劉驁 |
32 BC – 7 BC | Jiànshǐ (建始) Hépíng (河平) |
32 BC – 28 BC 28 BC – 25 BC |
| Ai Di 哀帝 |
Liu Xin 劉欣 |
6 BC – 1 BC | Jiànpíng (建平) Yuánshòu (元壽) |
6 BC – 3 BC 2 BC – 1 BC |
| Ping Di 平帝 |
Liu Kan 劉衎 |
1 BC – 5 | Yuánshǐ (元始) | 1 – 5 |
| Ruzi Ying 孺子嬰 |
Liu Ying 劉嬰 |
6 – 8 | Jùshè (居攝) Chūshǐ (初始) |
6 – October 8 November 8 – December 8 |
| Xin Dynasty (AD 9–23) | ||||
| Xin Dynasty of Wang Mang (王莽) | 9 – 23 | Shǐjiànguó (始建國) Tiānfēng (天鳳) |
9 – 13 20 – 23 |
|
| Continuation of Han Dynasty | ||||
| Geng Shi Di 更始帝 |
Liu Xuan 劉玄 |
23 – 25 | Gēngshǐ (更始) | 23 – 25 |
| Eastern Han Dynasty 25 – 220 | ||||
| Guang Wu Di 光武帝 |
Liu Xiu 劉秀 |
25 – 57 | Jiànwǔ (建武) Jiànwǔzhongōyuán (建武中元) |
25 – 56 56 – 57 |
| Ming Di 明帝 |
Liu Zhuang 劉莊 |
58 – 75 | Yǒngpíng (永平) | 58 – 75 |
| Zhang Di 章帝 |
Liu Da 劉炟 |
76 – 88 | Jiànchū (建初) Yuánhé (元和) |
76 – 84 87 – 88 |
| He Di 和帝 |
Liu Zhao 劉肇 |
89 – 105 | Yǒngyuán (永元) Yuánxīng (元興) |
89 – 105 105 |
| Shang Di 殤帝 |
Liu Long 劉隆 |
106 | Yánpíng (延平) | 9 months in 106 |
| An Di 安帝 |
Liu Hu 劉祜 |
106 – 125 | Yǒngchū (永初) Yuánchū (元初) |
107 – 113 122 – 125 |
| Shao Di, the Marquess of Beixiang 少帝 or 北鄉侯 |
Liu Yi 劉懿 |
125 | Yánguāng (延光) | 125 |
| Shun Di 順帝 |
Liu Bao 劉保 |
125 – 144 | Yǒngjiàn (永建) Yángjiā (陽嘉) |
126 – 132 144 |
| Chong Di 沖帝 |
Liu Bing 劉炳 |
144 – 145 | Yōngxī (永嘉) | 145 |
| Zhi Di 質帝 |
Liu Zuan 劉纘 |
145 – 146 | Běnchū (本初) | 146 |
| Huan Di 桓帝 |
Liu Zhi 劉志 |
146 – 168 | Jiànhé (建和) Hépíng (和平) |
147 – 149 150 |
| Ling Di 靈帝 |
Liu Hong 劉宏 |
168 – 189 | Jiànníng (建寧) Xīpíng (熹平) |
168 – 172 184 – 189 |
| Shao Di, the Prince of Hongnong 少帝 or 弘農王 |
Liu Bian 劉辯 |
189 | Guīngxī (光熹) Zhàoníng (昭寧) |
189 189 |
| Xian Di 獻帝 |
Liu Xie (liú xié) 劉協 |
189 – 220 | Yǒnghàn (永漢) (中平} |
189 189 |
| Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號) | Personal Names | Period of Reigns | Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wei or Cao Wei 220-265 AD | |||
| Convention: "Wei" + posthumous name, sometimes except Cao Pi who was referred using personal names. | |||
| Wen Di (文帝 wen2 di4) | 曹丕 cao2 pi1 | 220-226 | Huangchu (黃初 huang2 chu1) 220-226 |
| Ming Di (明帝 ming2 di4) | 曹叡 cao2 rui4 | 226-239 | Taihe (太和 tai4 he2) 227-233 Qinglong (青龍 qing1 long2) 233-237 |
| Qi Wang (齊王 qi2 wang2) | 曹芳 cao2 fang1 | 239-254 | Zhengshi (正始 zheng4 shi3) 240-249 |
| Gao Gui Xiang Gong (高貴鄉公 gao1 gui4 xiang1 gong1) | 曹髦 cao2 mao2 | 254-260 | Zhengyuan (正元 zheng4 yuan2) 254-256 |
| Yuan Di (元帝 yuan2 di4) | 曹奐 cao2 huan4 | 260-265 | Jingyuan (景元 jing3 yuan2) 260-264 |
| Shu or Shu Han 221 - 263 | |||
| Convention: use personal name | |||
| Zhao Lie Di (昭烈帝 zhao1 lie4 di4) | 劉備 (liu2 bei4) | 221-223 | Zhangwu (章武 zhang1 wu3) 221-223 |
| Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 xhu3) | 劉禪 (liu2 xhan2) | 223-263 | Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 223-237 Yanxi (延熙 yan2 xi1) 238-257 |
| Wu 222-280 | |||
| Convention: use personal name | |||
| Da Di (大帝 da4 di4) | 孫權 sun1 quan2 | 222-252 | Huangwu (黃武 huang2 wu3) 222-229 Huanglong (黃龍 huang2 long2) 229-231 |
| Kuai ji wang (會稽王 kuai4 ji1 wang2) | 孫亮 sun1 liang4 | 252-258 | Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 252-253 Wufeng (五鳳 wu3 feng4) 254-256 |
| Jing Di (景帝 jing3 di4) | Sun Xiu 孫休 sun1 xiu1 | 258-264 | Yongan (永安 yong3 an1) 258-264 |
| Wu Cheng Hou (烏程侯 wu1 cheng2 hou2) | Sun Hao 孫皓 sun1 hao4 | 264-280 | Yuanxing (元興 yuan2 xing1) 264-265 Ganlu (甘露 gan1 lu4) 265-266 |
[edit]
Jin Dynasty
| Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號) | Personal Names | Period of Reigns | Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Convention: "Jin" + posthumous name | |||
| Xi (Western) Jin Dynasty 265-317 | |||
| Wu Di (武帝 wu3 di4) | Sima Yan 司馬炎 si1 ma3 yan2 | 265-290 | Taishi (泰始 tai4 shi3) 265-274 Xianning (咸寧 xian2 ning2)275-280 |
| Hui Di (惠帝 hui4 di4) | 司馬衷 si1 ma3 zhong1 | 290-306 | Yongxi (永熙 yong3 xi1) 290 Yongping (永平 yong3 ping) 291 |
| Huai Di (懷帝 huai2 di4) | 司馬熾 si1 ma3 chi4 | 307-311 | Yongjia (永嘉 yong3 jia1) 307-313 |
| Min Di(愍帝 min3 di4) | 司馬鄴 si1 ma3 ye4 | 313-317 | Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 313-317 |
| Dong (Eastern) Jin Dynasty 317 AD - 420 AD | |||
| Yuan Di (元帝 yuan2 di4) | 司馬睿 si1 ma3 rui4 | 317-322 | Jianwu (建武 jian4 wu3) 317-318 Daxing (大興 da4 xing1) 318-321 |
| Ming Di (明帝 ming2 di4) | 司馬紹 si1 ma3 shao4 | 322-325 | Yongchang (永昌 yong3 chang3) 322-323 |
| Cheng Di (成帝 cheng2 di4) | 司馬衍 si1 ma3 yan3 | 325-342 | Taining (太寧 tai4 ning2) 325 Xianhe (咸和 xian2 he2) 326-334 |
| Kang Di (康帝 kang1 di4) | 司馬岳 si1 ma3 yue4 | 342-344 | Jianyuan (建元 jian4 yuan2) 343-344 |
| Mu Di (穆帝 mu4 di4) | 司馬聃 si1 ma3 dan1 | 345-361 | Yonghe (永和 yong3 he2) 345-356 |
| Ai Di (哀帝 ai1 di4) | 司馬丕 si1 ma3 pi1 | 361-365 | Longhe (隆和 long2 he2) 362-363 |
| Fei Di (海西公 hai3 xi1 gong1) | 司馬奕 si1 ma3 yi4 | 365-371 | Taihe (太和 tai4 he2) 365-371 |
| Jian Wen Di (簡文帝 jian3 wen2 di4) | 司馬昱 si1 ma3 yu4 | 371-372 | Xianan (咸安 xian2 an1) 371-372 |
| Xiao Wu Di (孝武帝 xiao4 wu3 di4) | 司馬曜 si1 ma3 yao4 | 372-396 | Ningkang (寧康 ning2 kang1) 373-375 |
| An Di (安帝 an1 di4) | 司馬德宗 si1 ma3 de2 zong1 | 396-418 | Longan (隆安 long2 an1) 397-401 |
| Gong Di (恭帝 gong1 di4) | 司馬德文 si1 ma3 de2 wen2 | 419-420 | Yuanxi (元熙 yuan2 xi1) 419-420 |
[edit]
Sixteen Kingdoms Period
| Temple Names ( Miao Hao 廟號 miao4 hao4) | Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號 ) | Personal Names | Period of Reigns | Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Convention: use personal name | ||||
| Han Zhao Empire 304-329 AD (addressed separately in traditional texts as Han Empire and Former Zhao Empire) | ||||
| Han Empire 304-318 | ||||
| Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3) | Guang Wen Di (光文帝 guang1 wen2 di4) | 劉淵 liu2 yuan1 | 304-310 | Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 304-308 Yongfeng (永鳳 yong3 feng4) 308-309 |
| Did not exist | Liang Wang (梁王 liang2 wang2) | 劉和 liu2 he2 | 7 days in 310 | Did not exist |
| Lie Zong (烈宗 lie4 zong1) | Zhao Wu Di (昭武帝 zhao1 wu3 di4) | 劉聰 liu2 cong1 | 310-318 | Guangxing (光興 guang1 xing1) 310-311 Jiaping (嘉平 jia1 ping2) 311-315 |
| Did not exist | Yin Di (隱帝 yin3 di4) | 劉粲 liu2 can4 | a month and days in 318 | Hanchang (漢昌 han4 chang1) 318 |
| Qian (Former) Zhao Empire 318-329 | ||||
| Did not exist | Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 xhu3) | 劉曜 liu2 yao4 | 318-329 | Guangchu (光初 guang1 chu1) 318-329 |
| Hou (Later) Zhao Empire 319 - 351 | ||||
| Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3) | Ming Di (明帝 ming2 di4) | 石勒 shi2 le4 | 319-333 | Zhaowang (趙王 zhao4 wang2) 319-328 Taihe (太和 tai4 he2) 328-330 |
| Did not exist | Hai Yang Wang (海陽王 hai3 yang2 wang2) | 石弘 shi2 hong2 | 333-334 | Jianping (建平 jian4 ping2) 333 Yanxi (延熙 yan2 xi1) 334 |
| Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3) | Wu Di (武帝 wu3 di4) | 石虎 shi2 hu3 | 334-349 | Jianwu (建武 jian4 wu3) 334-349 Taining (太寧 tai4 ning2) 349 |
| Did not exist | Qiao Wang (譙王 qiao2 wang2) | 石世 shi2 shi4 | 73 days in 349 | Taining (太寧 tai4 ning2) 73 days in 349 |
| Did not exist | Pang Cheng Wang (彭城王 pang2 cheng2 wang2) | 石遵 shi2 zun1 | 183 days in 349 | Taining (太寧 tai4 ning2) 183 days in 349 |
| Did not exist | Yi Yang Wang (義陽王 yi4 yang2 wang2) | 石鑒 shi2 jian4 | 103 days within 349-350 | Qinglong (青龍 qing1 long2) 103 days within 349-350 |
| Did not exist | Xin Xing Wang (新興王 xin1 xing1 wang2) | 石祗 shi2 zhi1 | 350-351 | Yongning (永寧 yong3 ning2) 349-350 |
| Cheng Han Empire 303-347 AD (addressed separately in traditional texts as Cheng Empire and Han Empire) | ||||
| Cheng Empire 303-338 | ||||
| Shi Zu (始祖 shi3 zu3) or Shi Zu (世祖 shi4 zu3) | Jing Di (景帝 jing3 di4) | 李特 li3 te4 | 303 | Jianchu (建初 jian4 chu1) or Jingchu (景初 jing3 chu1) 303 |
| Did not exist | Qin Wen Wang (秦文王 qin2 wen2 wang2) | 李流 li3 liu2 | several months in 303 | Did not exist |
| Tai Zong (太宗 tai4 zong1) | Wu Di (武帝 wu3 di4) | 李雄 li3 xiong2 | 303-334 | Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 303-305 Yanping (晏平 yan4 ping2) 305-311 |
| Did not exist | Ai Di (哀帝 ai1 si4) | 李班 li3 ban1 | 7 months in 334 | Yuheng (玉衡 yu4 heng2) 7 months in 334 |
| Did not exist | You Gong (幽公 you1 gong1) | 李期 li3 qi1 | 334-338 | Yuheng (玉恆 yu4 heng2) 334-338 |
| Han Empire 338-347 | ||||
| Zhong Zong (中宗 zhong1 zong1) | Zhao Wen Di (昭文帝 zhao1 wen2 di4) | 李壽 li3 shou4 | 338-343 | Hanxing (漢興 han4 xing1) 338-343 |
| Did not exist | Gui Yi Hou (歸義侯 gui1 yi4 hou2) | 李勢 li3 shi4 | 343-347 | Taihe (太和 tai4 he2) 343-346 |
| Qian (Former) Yan Empire 337-370 | ||||
| Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3) | Wen Ming Di (文明帝 wen2 ming2 di4) | 慕容皝 mu4 rong2 huang3 | 337-348 | Yanwang (燕王 yan4 wang2) 337-348 |
| Lie Zong (烈宗 lie4 zong1) | Jing Zhao Di (景昭帝 jing3 zhao1 di4) | 慕容俊 mu4 rong2 jun4 | 348-360 | Yanwang (燕王 yan4 wang2) 348-353 Yuanxi (元璽 yuan2 xi3) 353-357 |
| Did not exist | You Di (幽帝 you1 di4) | 慕容暐 mu4 rong2 wei3 | 360-370 | Jianxi (建熙 jian4 xi1) 360-365 |
| Hou (Later) Yan Empire 384-407 | ||||
| Shi Zu (世祖 shi4 zu3) | Wu Cheng Di (武成帝 wu3 cheng2 di4) | 慕容垂 mu4 rong2 chui2 | 384-396 | Yanyuan (燕王 yan4 wang2) 384-385 |
| Lie Zong (烈宗 lie4 zong1) | Hui Min Di (惠愍帝 hui4 min3 di4) | 慕容寶 mu4 rong2 bao3 | 396-398 | Yongkang (永康 yong3 kang1) 396-398 |
| Zhong Zong (中宗 zhong1 zong1) | Zhao Wu Di (昭武帝 zhao1 wu3 di4) | 慕容盛 mu4 rong2 sheng4 | 398-401 | Jianping (建平 jian4 ping2) 398 |
| Did not exist | Zhao Wen Di (昭文帝 zhao1 wen2 di4) | 慕容熙 mu4 rong2 xi1 | 401-407 | Guangshi (光始 guang1 shi3) 401-406 Jianshi (建始 jian4 shi3) 407 |
| Nan (Southern) Yan Empire 398-410 | ||||
| Shi Zong (世宗 shi4 zong1) | Xian Wu Di (獻武帝 xian4 wu3 di4) | 慕容德 mu4 rong2 de2 | 398-405 | Yanwang (燕王 yan4 wang2) 398-400 |
| Did not exist | Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 xhu3) | 慕容超 mu4 rong2 chao1 | 405-410 | Taishang (太上 tai4 shang4) 405-410 |
| Bei (Northern) Yan Empire 407-436 | ||||
| Did not exist | Hui Yi Di (惠懿帝 hui4 yi4 di4) | 高雲 gao1 yun2 | 407-409 | Zhengshi (正始 zheng4 shi3) 407-409 |
| Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3) | Wen Cheng Di (文成帝 wen2 cheng2 di4) | 馮跋 feng2 ba2 | 409-430 | Taiping (太平 tai4 ping2) 409-430 |
| Did not exist | Zhao Cheng Di (昭成帝 zhao1 cheng2 di4) | 馮弘 feng2 hong2 | 430-436 | Daxing (大興 da4 xing1) 430-436 |
| Qian (Former) Liang Kingdom 320-376 | ||||
| Did not exist | Cheng Gong (成公 cheng2 gong1) | 張茂 zhang1 mao4 | 320-324 | Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 320-324 |
| Did not exist | Zhong Cheng Gong (忠成公 zhong1 cheng2 gong1) | 張駿 zhang1 jun4 | 324-346 | Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 324-346 |
| Did not exist | Huan Gong (桓公 huan2 gong1) | 張重華 zhang1 chong2 hua2 | 346-353 | Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 346-353 |
| Did not exist | Ai Gong (哀公 ai1 gong1) | 張曜靈 zhang1 yao4 ling2 | 3 months (the ninth to the twelfth month) in 353 | Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 353 |
| Did not exist | Wei Wang (威王 wei1 wang2) | 張祚 zhang1 zuo4 | 353-355 | Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 353-354 |
| Did not exist | Jing Dao Gong (敬悼公 jing4 dao4 gong1) or Chong Gong (沖公 chong1 gong1) | 張玄靖 zhang1 xuan2 jing4 | 355-363 | Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 355-361 |
| Did not exist | Dao Gong (悼公 dao4 gong1) | 張天錫 zhang1 tian1 xi2 | 364-376 | Shengping (升平 sheng1 ping2) 364-376 |
| Hou (Later) Liang Kingdom 386 AD - 403 AD | ||||
| Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3) | Yi Wu Wang (懿武王 yi4 wu3 wang2) | 呂光 uu3 guang1 | 386-399 | Taian (太安 tai4 an1) 386-389 Lunjia (麟嘉 lun2 jia1) 389-396 |
| Did not exist | Yin Wang (隱王 yin3 wang2) | 呂紹 luu3 shao4 | 399 | Longfei (龍飛 long2 fei1) 399 |
| Did not exist | Ling Wang (靈王 ling2 wang2) | 呂纂 luu3 zuan3 | 399-401 | Xianning (咸寧 xian2 ning2) 399-401 |
| Did not exist | Shang Shu Gong (尚書公 shang4 shu1 gong1) or Jiankang Gong (建康公 jian4 kang1 gong1) | 呂隆 luu3 long2 | 401-403 | Shending (神鼎 shen2 ding3) 401-403 |
| Nan (Southern) Liang Kingdom 397 AD - 414 AD | ||||
| Lie Zu (烈祖 lie4 zu3) | Wu Wang (武王 wu3 wang2) | 禿髮烏孤 tu1 fa3 wu1 gu1 | 397-399 | Taichu (太初 tai4 chu1) 397-399 |
| Did not exist | Kang Wang (康王 kang1 wang2) | 禿髮利鹿孤 tu1 fa3 li4 lu4 gu1 | 399-402 | Jianhe (建和 jian4 he2) 399-402 |
| Did not exist | Jing Wang (景王 jing3 wang2) or Jing Wang (敬王 jing4 wang2) | 禿髮傉檀 tu1 fa3 li4 ru4 tan2 | 402-414 | Hongchang (弘昌 hong2 chang1) 402-404 |
| Bei (Northern) Liang Kingdom 397-439 (as Kings of Gao Chang 442-460) | ||||
| Did not exist | Did not exist | 段業 duan4 ye4 | 397-401 | Shen Xi (神璽 shen2 xi3) 397-399 | <